If it is recommended that the Bill proceed, the Bill sponsor may move the Order for Committee Stage the motion that progresses the Bill to Committee Stage without debate.
If it is recommended that the Bill not proceed, the sponsor may still move a motion in the House to progress the Bill to Committee Stage, but the motion must be debated. If the motion is carried, the Bill can progress. It then published a report which recommended that the Bill proceed to Committee Stage. There are two ways for Members to initiate a Bill. When a Bill is presented, provided it complies with Standing Orders, it is automatically added to the Order Paper and it proceeds to Second Stage.
When a Member seeks leave to introduce a Private Members' Bill, the House may or may not grant leave. Other Deputies may also present Bills, but must do so as a group of seven or more Deputies, and each group may present only one Bill at a time. Groups of five or more Senators may also present up to three Bills at a time.
In the Seanad, it takes three Senators to introduce each Bill. There is no limit to the number of Bills a Member may seek leave to introduce. Members are allocated a limited amount of time to make a statement on the law the Bill would create. They may also suggest other provisions they would like to be included in the Bill. Read a Seanad Second Stage debate. The Bill is examined section by section and amendments may be made. Committee Stage is a detailed examination of each section of the Bill and an opportunity for Government and Opposition Members to make changes to the text.
Once each section of the Bill has been agreed to, the Bill is set down for Report Stage. Before Committee Stage, Members who want to change a Bill may put down amendments, and a list of the amendments is published.
During the Committee Stage debate, Members are called on to move each amendment and discuss it with the Minister. There is no limit to the number of times a Member may speak on an amendment, so Committee Stage can be lengthy. The Minister then says whether he or she accepts the amendment. Amendments arising out of Committee Stage are considered. Report Stage is the last opportunity for Members to make amendments to the text of a Bill.
Members may not bring forward any new amendments, only amendments which arise from Committee Stage. Unlike Committee Stage, Members may speak only twice on each amendment, and their second contribution is limited to two minutes. When all the amendments have been dealt with, the Bill is received for final consideration.
Fifth Stage may be scheduled for another day, but is usually taken immediately after Fourth Stage. If the Government wants to introduce new amendments on Report Stage, it may do so by recommitting the Bill. Effectively this returns the Bill to Committee Stage in respect of an individual amendment.
Fifth Stage often follows directly after Report Stage. No amendments may be tabled and there is generally no in-depth discussion of the Bill. Instead, Members usually make short statements on whether the Bill would constitute good law.
When a Bill passes Final Stage in the House in which it was initiated, it is sent to the other House. There, it must go through the Stages of debate, beginning on Second Stage. Any amendments made by the second House may be rejected by the House in which the Bill was initiated. These amendments are known as the "cream list".
Therefore, if the second House makes amendments to a Bill, it is returned to the first House, where it goes through some of the Stages of debate again. Once a Bill has been passed on Fifth Stage by both Houses, and all cream list amendments have been dealt with, the Bill is ready to be enacted.
It becomes an Act and is added to the Statute Book. The bill is discussed in a Senate committee and then reported to the Senate floor to be voted on. Senators vote by voice. Senate and is ready to go to the President. If a bill has passed in both the U.
House of Representatives and the U. Senate and has been approved by the President, or if a presidential veto has been overridden, the bill becomes a law and is enforced by the government. Place your mouse over a word highlighted in blue to see its definition, or look at the full list. Looking to bring the U. House of Representatives into your Grade School classroom? Visit our For Teachers section for resources, activities, and lesson plans that complement the material on this site.
How Laws Are Made. The Bill Begins Laws begin as ideas. Electronic Voting Machine. Glossary Place your mouse over a word highlighted in blue to see its definition, or look at the full list. Did You Know? Presidential proclamations are statements that address the public on policy matters.
They are mainly symbolic and are usually not enforced as laws. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and makes laws for the nation. Congress has two legislative bodies or chambers: the U. Senate and the U. House of Representatives. Anyone elected to either body can propose a new law. A bill is a proposal for a new law. A bill can be introduced in either chamber of Congress by a senator or representative who sponsors it. Once a bill is introduced, it is assigned to a committee whose members will research, discuss, and make changes to the bill.
If the bill passes one body of Congress, it goes to the other body to go through a similar process of research, discussion, changes, and voting. Once both bodies vote to accept a bill, they must work out any differences between the two versions. Then both chambers vote on the same exact bill and, if it passes, they present it to the president.
The president then considers the bill. The president can approve the bill and sign it into law or not approve veto a bill. If the president chooses to veto a bill , in most cases Congress can vote to override that veto and the bill becomes a law. But, if the president pocket vetoes a bill after Congress has adjourned, the veto cannot be overridden. The Senate and the House have some procedural differences between them.
How a bill becomes law when it originates in the House of Representatives. How a bill becomes law when it originates in the Senate. Active legislation in the Senate. Congress creates and passes bills. The president then may sign those bills into law. Federal courts may review the laws to see if they agree with the Constitution.
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