However, this vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women. Before you receive BCG vaccine, your doctor will perform a skin test to make sure you do not have tuberculosis.
BCG vaccine is not given with a needle and syringe, as most other vaccines are. Instead, the BCG vaccine is a liquid placed directly onto the skin of your upper arm. Then a multi-pronged needle device is used to prick the skin through the liquid to deliver the vaccine into the shallow layers of skin. These needle sticks are not deep, but they will cause some soreness and minor bleeding.
You may have flu-like symptoms for up to 2 days after you receive BCG vaccine. Call your doctor at once if you have a fever of degrees F or higher. Within 10 to 14 days after receiving this vaccine, you should see small red bumps on your skin where the vaccine and needle device were placed.
This red area will gradually grow larger after 4 to 6 weeks, and then scale and fade. After 6 months you will most likely have little to no scar.
BCG vaccine contains a live form of tuberculosis bacteria, which can "shed" from your injection site. This means that for a short time after you receive the vaccine, your vaccination sore will be contagious and could spread the bacteria to anything or anyone who touches it. Keep your vaccination sore loosely covered with clothing or a light gauze dressing for at least 24 hours.
Tell your doctor if you have any unexpected skin changes or severe irritation, lesions, or oozing where the needle sticks were placed. These reactions could occur up to 5 months after you received BCG vaccine. This vaccine is usually given as a single dose. As with any vaccination, BCG can result in severe adverse reactions and you should discuss this with the nurse before vaccination. Are there any side effects? BCG vaccination reduces the risk of tuberculosis in people who are not already infected with TB.
The vaccine does not always prevent disease. Protection against TB will only start weeks after the vaccination has been given and lasts for about 10 years. Revaccination is not recommended. BCG vaccination is not recommended for adults Who could be vaccinated? For country specific incidence rates see the World Health Organisation TB country profile website external site.
Newborn children of migrants who have arrived from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis see definition above in the last 5 years, or newborn children who have household contact with people who have arrived from a high incidence country in the last 5 years. Newborn children of parents with Leprosy or a family history of Leprosy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Data and Statistics. September 6, Tuberculosis-United States, Materials in this section are updated as new information and vaccines become available.
The Vaccine Education Center staff regularly reviews materials for accuracy. You should not consider the information in this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family's personal health. You should not use it to replace any relationship with a physician or other qualified healthcare professional.
For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult your physician or, in serious cases, seek immediate assistance from emergency personnel. Contact Us Online. The disease The impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis kills more people in the world than any other infection. What is tuberculosis? Is the incidence of TB in the United States increasing? How is the tuberculosis vaccine made?
The BCG vaccine does not work well in adults, but those aged up to 35 may also be offered the vaccine if their job has a high risk of contact with people or animals infected with TB.
Adults are often given a skin test before they are offered the vaccine. This is to check whether they already have antibodies to TB see 'More information about the vaccine' towards the bottom of the page.
People with a past history of TB should not receive the vaccine. This is because they have an increased risk of adverse reactions to the vaccine.
The bacterium used for the vaccine is called Mycobacterium bovis , which causes TB in animals such as cows and badgers. The bacteria in the vaccine are weakened attenuated so that they do not cause disease in healthy people. Apart from the active ingredients the antigens , the vaccine also contains small amounts of the following ingredients:.
Other brands of BCG vaccine used in other countries may contain different ingredients. If you are not in the UK, ask for the Patient Information leaflet for the vaccine you are offered. As with any vaccine, medicine or food, there is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction anaphylaxis. It is always extremely serious but can be treated with adrenaline. Health care workers who give vaccines know how to do this. In the UK between and there were a total of reports of anaphylaxis following ALL immunisations.
Around million doses of vaccines were given in the UK during this period. This means that the overall rate of anaphylaxis is around 1 in , See Vaccine side effects and adverse reactions for more information on why this is the case.
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